![]() Non-accidental burn injuries can be caused by assault or negligence, commonly due to thermal injury. The final stage involves blister formation and skin peeling. ![]() Further exposure causes edema, leading to purplish discoloration. When tanning occurs, it is due to an increase in melanin pigmentation, after which it reddens and becomes more sensitive to touch. Sunburn has four stages: golden or tan, red, purplish-red, and blister red. Increased levels of melanin can add a protective effect decreasing the chances of sunburn. First-degree burns are most commonly due to radiation from sun exposure. Radiation injuries are due to extended exposure to ultraviolet light, for example, sunlight or tanning booth exposure, or from ionizing radiation such as radiation therapy or x-rays. Acids, on the other hand, cause coagulative necrosis. Alkali burns tend to be more severe, as they lead to a liquefactive necrosis process. Common household products that cause chemical burns include drain cleaners, paint thinner, and lye. Skin contact or oral mucosa ingestion cause an irritant effect that leads to chemical burn injury. These occur due to damage to tissue between entry and exit points.Īn acid or alkali can cause chemical burns. Severe injuries associated with these burns include cardiac arrhythmia and myoglobinuria. One can see the entry and exit point where the current passes through the body. In adults, these injuries are seen in inexperienced people working with electrical wiring and electricians working on high voltage power lines. Electrical burns are commonly seen in children playing with electrical cords or outlets. These burns present as first or second-degree burns however, third-degree burns may also result from prolonged exposure.Įlectrical burns are classified as high voltage, low voltage, or as flash burns secondary to an electric arc. These types of injuries are most common in children younger than age 5 and elderly patients. Scalding injuries are caused by exposure to hot water in baths or showers, hot drinks, oil, or steam. Thermal burns are most commonly due to fire, hot liquids, or contact with a hot surface. Common injuries are thermal, electrical, chemical, radiation, and nonaccidental. Burns can be classified by mechanism of injury, depth of burn in relation to layers of the skin, and severity of the burn.
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